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Acholi (Acoli, Shuli, Gang, Lwo)
Spoken in: Uganda, Sudan
Region: Acholi people, Sudan, Uganda
Total speakers: 800,000
Language family: Nilo-Saharan
Eastern Sudanic
Nilotic
Western
Luo
Southern
Luo-Acholi
Alur Acholi
Lango Acholi
Acholi
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: ach
ISO/DIS 639-3: ach
Acholi (also Acoli, Shuli, Gang, Lwo) is a language primarily spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader, a region known as Acholiland in northern Uganda. Acholi is also spoken in the southern part of the Opari District of Sudan. As of 1996 there were reported approximately 773,800 Acholi speakers in the world. However this has gradually grown to over 800,000.Song of Lawino & Song of Ocol, well known among African literature, were written in Acholi by Okot p'Bitek.Acholi is one of the Luo languages, of the Western Nilotic branch of Nilo-Saharan. Acholi, Alur and Lango have between 84 and 90 per cent of their vocabulary in common and thus are mutually intelligible.

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Contents

Sounds



Sounds - Contents

Acholi has vowel harmony: all vowels in a word have to belong to a single class (e.g. [kojo] the cold vs. [kɔjɔ] to separate). There are two sets of five vowels, distinguished by the feature [+/-ATR].
[-ATR] vowels in Luo
. Front Central Back
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open ɒ
[+ATR] vowels in Luo
. Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open a
Acholi is a tonal language. Thus, some words may be distinguished by tone alone, e.g. bèl (low) 'wrinkled' vs. bél (high) 'corn' and kàl (low) 'place enclosed by a palisade' vs. kál (high) 'millet'. Tone furthermore plays a role in verb conjugation.
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