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Fri, 01 May, 2026
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Indonesia's 242 million people make it the world's fourth-most populous nation. The island of Java is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with more than 114 million people living in an area the size of New York State.Indonesia includes numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups, many of which are ethnically Malay. Since independence, Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) (the national language, a form of Malay) has spread throughout the archipelago and has become the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local languages are still important in many areas, however.
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Contents
Population data
Ethnic groups
Religions
Languages
Literacy
Population data - Contents
Population: 241,973,879 (July 2005 est.)Age structure:
0-14 years: 29.1% (male 35,823,456; female 34,590,631)
15-64 years: 65.7% (male 79,447,560; female 79,449,399)
65 years and over: 5.2% (male 5,526,389; female 7,136,444) (2005 est.)Population growth rate: 1.45% (2005 est.)Birth rate: 20.71 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)Infant mortality rate: 35.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 69.57 years
male: 67.13 years
female: 70.13 years (2005 est.)Total fertility rate: 2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)Nationality:
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups - Contents
There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to Austronesian linguistic family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua, speak Papuan languages. In addition, there are roughly 5 million people of Chinese descent which speaks various Chinese dialects, most notably Cantonese and Min Nan.The population ranking of the ethnic groups in Indonesia ( 2000 census) is as follows:
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Javanese 41.7%, Sundanese 15.4%, Malay 3.4%, Madurese 3.3%, Batak 3.0%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.5%, Buginese 2.5%, Bantenese 2.1%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.5%, Sasak 1.3%, Makassarese 1.0%, Cirebon 0.9%, Chinese 0.9%, Others 16.1%
The regions of Indonesia and some of their traditional ethnic groups are as follows. Note however that due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions.
- Java: Javanese, Sundanese, Bantenese, Betawi, Tengger, Osing, Badui
- Madura: Madurese
- Sumatra: Malays, Batak, Minangkabau, Acehnese, Lampung, Kubu
- Kalimantan: Dayak, Malays, Banjar
- Sulawesi: Makassarese, Buginese, Mandar, Minahassan, Gorontalo, Toraja, Bajau
- Lesser Sunda Islands: Balinese, Sasak
- The Moluccas: Nuaulu, Manusela
- Papua: Lani (Dani), Bauzi, Asmat
Religions - Contents
Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 2%, Hindu 3%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998)Constitutional guarantees of religious freedom apply to the five religions recognized by the state, namely Islam (87%), Protestantism (5%), Catholicism (2%), Hinduism (3%) and Buddhism (2%), and In some remote areas, animism is still practiced.
Languages - Contents
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, regional languages, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese.English is the most widely spoken foreign language. Some Chinese dialect is also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese characters, was discouraged between 1966 - 1998.
Literacy - Contents
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 87.9%
male: 92.5%
female: 83.4% (2005 est.)Education is not free albeit it is compulsory for children through grade 9. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools. |
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